Merge branch 'buffer-implementation'HEADmain

Establishes the first working baseline: moji <file> opens a file into a
ropey rope and edits it with Helix selection-first modal editing, under a
DO-178C DAL-C requirements and traceability process.

Prior to this, main tracked four files and src/main.rs was still
println!("Hello, world!") — there was no buildable state to build on.

Verified on a fresh clone of the branch with no untracked files:
cargo build; clippy --all-targets -D warnings clean; 294 tests passing;
scripts/check-trace.sh reports 98/98 requirements traced in both
directions.

Co-Authored-By: Claude Opus 5 (1M context) <noreply@anthropic.com>

1 files changed, 160 insertions, 0 deletions

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+# mojibake — Low-Level Requirements
+
+Software Level: **DAL-C** (DO-178C)
+
+Each LLR cites its parent HLR. Source items implementing an LLR carry a
+`// MJB-LLR-nnn` comment immediately above them. Tests exercising an LLR are
+named `mjb_llr_nnn_<description>`.
+
+All positions are **byte offsets** into the rope. `LT` denotes
+`ropey::LineType::LF_CR`, the line-break convention enabled by default.
+
+---
+
+## selection.rs — Range and Selection (MJB-HLR-005)
+
+| ID | Requirement |
+|---|---|
+| MJB-LLR-001 | `Range` shall store `anchor` and `head` as byte offsets. |
+| MJB-LLR-002 | `Range::from()` shall return `min(anchor, head)`; `Range::to()` shall return `max(anchor, head)`. |
+| MJB-LLR-003 | `Range::is_empty()` shall return true exactly when `anchor == head`. |
+| MJB-LLR-004 | `Range::direction()` shall return `Backward` when `head < anchor` and `Forward` otherwise. |
+| MJB-LLR-005 | `Range::cursor(text)` shall return `prev_grapheme_boundary(text, head)` when `head > anchor`, and `head` otherwise. |
+| MJB-LLR-006 | `Range::put_cursor(text, byte_idx, extend)` with `extend == false` shall return a point range at `byte_idx`. |
+| MJB-LLR-007 | `Range::put_cursor(text, byte_idx, extend)` with `extend == true` shall retain the anchor, adjusting it by one grapheme when the range flips direction across it, and shall place the head one grapheme past `byte_idx` when the anchor precedes it. |
+| MJB-LLR-008 | `Range::line_range(text)` shall return the inclusive line-index span covered by the range. |
+| MJB-LLR-009 | `Selection` shall maintain the invariant that it contains exactly one range and that `primary_index` is zero. |
+| MJB-LLR-010 | `Selection::primary()` shall return the range at `primary_index`. |
+| MJB-LLR-011 | Constructing a `Range` shall clamp both offsets into `0..=text.len()` and shall move each to the nearest char boundary. |
+
+## grapheme.rs — Grapheme boundaries and width (MJB-HLR-005, MJB-HLR-013)
+
+| ID | Requirement |
+|---|---|
+| MJB-LLR-020 | `prev_grapheme_boundary(text, byte_idx)` shall return the byte offset of the grapheme boundary preceding `byte_idx`, or `0` when none exists. |
+| MJB-LLR-021 | `next_grapheme_boundary(text, byte_idx)` shall return the byte offset of the grapheme boundary following `byte_idx`, or `text.len()` when none exists. |
+| MJB-LLR-022 | Grapheme boundary computation shall operate across rope chunk edges, producing the same result as if the text were contiguous. |
+| MJB-LLR-023 | `is_grapheme_boundary(text, byte_idx)` shall return whether `byte_idx` lies on a grapheme cluster boundary. |
+| MJB-LLR-024 | `grapheme_width(g)` shall return the terminal display width of a grapheme cluster, treating a tab as advancing to the next tab stop and treating zero-width and control characters as width zero. |
+| MJB-LLR-025 | `display_column(line, byte_idx)` shall return the display column of `byte_idx` within a line, accumulating grapheme widths rather than counting bytes. |
+
+## transaction.rs / history.rs — Edits and undo (MJB-HLR-010, MJB-HLR-011)
+
+| ID | Requirement |
+|---|---|
+| MJB-LLR-040 | `Operation` shall have variants `Retain(usize)`, `Delete(usize)` and `Insert(String)`, whose counts are byte lengths. |
+| MJB-LLR-041 | `ChangeSet` shall record `len` (required document length before application) and `len_after` (document length after application). |
+| MJB-LLR-042 | `ChangeSet::apply(rope)` shall return an error, leaving the rope unmodified, when `rope.len() != self.len`. |
+| MJB-LLR-043 | `ChangeSet::apply(rope)` shall realise `Retain` by advancing the position, `Delete(n)` by `rope.remove(pos..pos + n)`, and `Insert(s)` by `rope.insert(pos, s)` followed by advancing. |
+| MJB-LLR-044 | `ChangeSet::apply` shall return an error when any operation boundary does not fall on a char boundary of the rope, rather than panicking inside the rope. |
+| MJB-LLR-045 | `ChangeSet::invert(original)` shall map `Retain(n)` to `Retain(n)`, `Delete(n)` to `Insert` of the corresponding slice of `original`, and `Insert(s)` to `Delete(s.len())`. |
+| MJB-LLR-046 | Applying a change set and then applying its inverse shall reproduce the original rope contents exactly. |
+| MJB-LLR-047 | `Transaction` shall pair a `ChangeSet` with an optional resulting `Selection`. |
+| MJB-LLR-048 | `Transaction::change(rope, changes)` shall build a change set from an iterator of `(from, to, Option<String>)` triples ordered by ascending `from`. |
+| MJB-LLR-049 | `Transaction::insert(rope, selection, text)` shall insert `text` at the cursor of the selection. |
+| MJB-LLR-050 | `Transaction::delete(rope, selection)` shall delete the span `from()..to()` of the selection's primary range. |
+| MJB-LLR-051 | `History::commit` shall push the pair (forward transaction, inverse transaction) and discard any reverted entries ahead of the cursor. |
+| MJB-LLR-052 | `History::undo` shall return the inverse of the entry preceding the cursor and decrement the cursor; when the cursor is at zero it shall return `None`. |
+| MJB-LLR-053 | `History::redo` shall return the forward transaction at the cursor and increment the cursor; when the cursor is at the end it shall return `None`. |
+
+## movement.rs — Motions (MJB-HLR-006, MJB-HLR-007, MJB-HLR-008)
+
+| ID | Requirement |
+|---|---|
+| MJB-LLR-060 | `CharCategory` shall classify a char as `Eol`, `Whitespace`, `Word` or `Punctuation`; `Word` shall comprise alphanumerics and underscore. |
+| MJB-LLR-061 | `is_word_boundary(a, b)` shall return `categorize(a) != categorize(b)`. |
+| MJB-LLR-062 | `move_char_left` shall move the head one grapheme toward zero, producing a point range, and shall be a no-op at offset zero. |
+| MJB-LLR-063 | `move_char_right` shall move the head one grapheme toward the end, producing a point range, and shall be a no-op at the end of the buffer. |
+| MJB-LLR-064 | `move_line_up` and `move_line_down` shall move the cursor to the same display column on the adjacent line, clamping to that line's length, and shall be no-ops on the first and last line respectively. |
+| MJB-LLR-065 | `move_next_word_start` shall return a range whose anchor is the pre-motion cursor position and whose head is the start of the following word, so the result is a selection spanning the traversed text. |
+| MJB-LLR-066 | `move_prev_word_start` shall return a range spanning backward from the pre-motion cursor to the start of the preceding word. |
+| MJB-LLR-067 | `move_next_word_end` shall return a range spanning from the pre-motion cursor to the end of the following word. |
+| MJB-LLR-068 | Word motions shall skip line-ending characters and shall stop at a category transition as defined by MJB-LLR-061. |
+| MJB-LLR-069 | Word motions shall be no-ops when already at the corresponding buffer boundary. |
+| MJB-LLR-070 | `goto_file_start` shall place a point range at offset zero. |
+| MJB-LLR-071 | `goto_last_line` shall place a point range at the first offset of the last line. |
+| MJB-LLR-072 | `goto_line_start` shall place a point range at the first offset of the cursor's line. |
+| MJB-LLR-073 | `goto_line_end` shall place a point range at the offset of the line's last character, excluding its line terminator. |
+
+## view.rs — Viewport (MJB-HLR-012, MJB-HLR-013)
+
+| ID | Requirement |
+|---|---|
+| MJB-LLR-090 | `ViewPosition` shall store `anchor`, the byte offset of the first visible line's start, and `horizontal_offset`, a display-column count. |
+| MJB-LLR-091 | `View::top_line(rope)` shall return `rope.byte_to_line_idx(anchor, LT)`. |
+| MJB-LLR-092 | `View::visible_lines(rope, height)` shall yield at most `height` lines beginning at the top line, obtained via `rope.lines_at(top, LT)`, touching no other line. |
+| MJB-LLR-093 | `ensure_cursor_in_view` shall clamp the top scroll-off margin to `min(scrolloff, (height - 1) / 2)` and the bottom margin to `min(scrolloff, height / 2)`. |
+| MJB-LLR-094 | `ensure_cursor_in_view` shall set the top line to `cursor_line - scrolloff_top` when the cursor line is above the top margin. |
+| MJB-LLR-095 | `ensure_cursor_in_view` shall set the top line to `cursor_line + scrolloff_bottom + 1 - height` when the cursor line is at or below the bottom margin. |
+| MJB-LLR-096 | `ensure_cursor_in_view` shall leave the anchor unchanged when the cursor lies within both margins. |
+| MJB-LLR-097 | The computed top line shall be clamped to `0..len_lines(LT)` and converted back to a byte anchor with `rope.line_to_byte_idx(top, LT)`. |
+| MJB-LLR-098 | `ensure_cursor_in_view` shall be a no-op when the viewport height is zero, rather than underflowing. |
+| MJB-LLR-099 | `ensure_horizontal_in_view` shall adjust `horizontal_offset` so the cursor's display column lies within `[offset, offset + width)`. |
+| MJB-LLR-100 | `page_cursor_half_up` and `page_cursor_half_down` shall move the cursor and the viewport by `height / 2` lines. |
+| MJB-LLR-101 | `page_up` and `page_down` shall move the cursor and the viewport by `height` lines. |
+| MJB-LLR-102 | Paging shall saturate at the first and last line rather than wrapping or underflowing. |
+
+## document.rs / encoding.rs / line_ending.rs (MJB-HLR-001..004)
+
+| ID | Requirement |
+|---|---|
+| MJB-LLR-110 | `detect_bom(bytes)` shall recognise the UTF-8, UTF-16LE and UTF-16BE byte order marks and return the encoding and BOM length. |
+| MJB-LLR-111 | `Document::open(path)` shall decode file contents through the detected encoding into a rope, recording encoding and BOM presence. |
+| MJB-LLR-112 | `Document::open` shall produce an empty rope, with the path retained, when the path does not exist. |
+| MJB-LLR-113 | Decoding content whose encoding is declared by a byte order mark and is not UTF-8 shall substitute replacement characters for sequences invalid in that encoding, and shall not return an error. |
+| MJB-LLR-118 | Content decoded as UTF-8, whether BOM-declared or assumed, shall be validated strictly; an invalid sequence shall produce `DecodeError::InvalidUtf8` carrying the byte offset at which validation failed, and `Document::open` shall propagate it without modifying the file. |
+| MJB-LLR-114 | `LineEnding::detect(rope)` shall return the line ending of the first terminator present, and the platform default when the buffer contains none. |
+| MJB-LLR-115 | `Document::encode()` shall reproduce the recorded BOM, translate line terminators to the recorded line ending, and encode via the recorded encoding. |
+| MJB-LLR-116 | `Document` shall expose a `modified` flag, set on the first applied transaction and cleared on a successful write. |
+| MJB-LLR-117 | `Document::apply(transaction)` shall apply the change set to the rope, commit the inverse to history, update the selection, and set `modified`. |
+
+## save.rs — Write path (MJB-HLR-017)
+
+| ID | Requirement |
+|---|---|
+| MJB-LLR-130 | The write target shall be the resolved symbolic link target when the path is a symbolic link, with a relative target joined onto the link's parent directory. |
+| MJB-LLR-131 | The write shall fail with `PermissionDenied`, before modifying anything, when the target exists and is not writable. |
+| MJB-LLR-132 | The write shall fail with a message directing the user to `:w!` when the target's parent directory does not exist; with force, the parent shall be created recursively. |
+| MJB-LLR-133 | `must_copy` shall be true when the target is a symbolic link or has a hard link count greater than one. |
+| MJB-LLR-134 | A backup shall be created in the target's own directory, by copy when `must_copy` and by rename otherwise, so that no rename crosses a filesystem boundary. |
+| MJB-LLR-135 | When the write fails and a backup exists, the backup shall be restored — copied back when `must_copy`, renamed back otherwise. |
+| MJB-LLR-136 | When the write succeeds, permissions shall be copied from the backup onto the target and the backup shall be removed. |
+| MJB-LLR-137 | A successful write shall clear the document's `modified` flag. |
+
+## keymap.rs / command.rs — Input (MJB-HLR-015, MJB-HLR-016)
+
+| ID | Requirement |
+|---|---|
+| MJB-LLR-150 | `Keymap::new` shall precompute the set of all proper prefixes of every bound key sequence, per mode. |
+| MJB-LLR-151 | On a key that completes a bound sequence, resolution shall yield `Matched` and clear the pending sequence. |
+| MJB-LLR-152 | On a key extending a known prefix without completing a binding, resolution shall yield `Pending` and retain the sequence. |
+| MJB-LLR-153 | On a key that neither completes a binding nor extends a known prefix, resolution shall yield `Cancelled` carrying the accumulated keys, and clear the pending sequence. |
+| MJB-LLR-154 | Resolution shall not depend on elapsed time; no pending sequence shall be discarded on a timer. |
+| MJB-LLR-155 | In normal and select modes with no pending sequence, `1`–`9`, and `0` once a count is in progress, shall accumulate a decimal count consumed by the next matched command. |
+| MJB-LLR-156 | In insert mode a `Cancelled` result carrying a single printable character with neither Control nor Alt held shall be interpreted as inserting that character. |
+| MJB-LLR-157 | The `Command` enum shall have one unit variant per bound editor command and shall deserialize from its variant name. |
+| MJB-LLR-158 | Command mode shall route keys to a line editor rather than the keymap, accepting printable characters, backspace, `Enter` to submit and `Escape` to cancel. |
+| MJB-LLR-159 | The command line shall parse `w`/`write`, `q`/`quit`, `wq`/`x`/`write-quit`, `q!`/`quit!` and `w!`/`write!`, and shall report an unrecognised command without terminating. |
+| MJB-LLR-160 | `q` with unsaved modifications shall be refused with a message; `q!` shall discard them. |
+
+## config.rs (MJB-HLR-014, MJB-HLR-018)
+
+| ID | Requirement |
+|---|---|
+| MJB-LLR-180 | The built-in default configuration shall be the compiled-in contents of `.config/config.toml`, parsed with `toml::from_str`. |
+| MJB-LLR-181 | The only configuration file consulted shall be `config.toml` in the configuration directory. |
+| MJB-LLR-182 | User bindings shall override built-in defaults per individual binding, leaving unlisted defaults in force. |
+| MJB-LLR-183 | An unparsable key-sequence string in user configuration shall produce a recoverable error identifying the offending string, and shall not panic. |
+| MJB-LLR-184 | `Mode` shall have variants `Normal`, `Insert`, `Select`, `Command` and `Global`, deserialized from their lower-case names. |
+| MJB-LLR-185 | Configuration shall supply `scrolloff` and `insert_final_newline`, with defaults of 5 and true. |
+
+## components/buffer.rs / app.rs (MJB-HLR-012, MJB-HLR-019)
+
+| ID | Requirement |
+|---|---|
+| MJB-LLR-200 | The buffer component shall render only the lines yielded by `View::visible_lines`. |
+| MJB-LLR-201 | The buffer component shall render the block cursor at the primary range's cursor position and shall style the selection span distinctly. |
+| MJB-LLR-202 | The buffer component shall reserve the final viewport row for a status line showing mode, path, modified indicator and cursor position. |
+| MJB-LLR-203 | `App` shall consult the `Global` keymap first and shall not forward a key to components when that lookup matches. |
+| MJB-LLR-204 | `App` shall register no component other than the buffer. |
+| MJB-LLR-205 | `App` shall not retain per-tick key state, the chord-timeout mechanism having been removed. |